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Plurality

A decision method where the choice with the largest share of support prevails, even if it does not receive more than half of all votes.

Key Points

  • The winning option is the one with the most votes, not necessarily more than 50%.
  • Different from majority (over 50%) and unanimity (100% agreement).
  • Useful when there are many alternatives and a quick decision is needed.
  • May require follow-up actions to build broader buy-in and define tie-breakers.

Example

A project team must select one of four vendors. In a vote of 12 members, Vendor A gets 5 votes, Vendor B gets 4, Vendor C gets 2, and Vendor D gets 1. Vendor A is selected because it has the largest number of votes, even though it does not have a majority.

PMP Example Question

During a decision meeting with 15 participants, four solutions receive 6, 5, 3, and 1 votes respectively. The project manager declares the option with 6 votes as the winner, despite it not exceeding 50%. Which decision rule is being applied?

  1. Majority
  2. Unanimity
  3. Plurality
  4. Autocratic decision

Correct Answer: C — Plurality

Explanation: Plurality selects the option with the largest block of support, even without more than half the votes.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

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