Specification By Example (SBE)

A team-based way to discover and describe requirements and business-focused functional tests by capturing concrete, real-world examples instead of vague, abstract statements.

Key Points

  • Stakeholders, product owners, developers, and testers collaborate to build a shared understanding.
  • Concrete examples are turned into acceptance criteria and often automated tests.
  • Using real cases reduces ambiguity, uncovers edge conditions, and cuts rework.
  • Creates living documentation and commonly aligns with BDD and Given-When-Then formats.

Example

An e-commerce team must implement a returns policy. They workshop examples with the business: "Item returned within 30 days with receipt: full refund," "31-60 days: store credit," "After 60 days: no refund." These examples become the acceptance criteria and automated tests for the returns feature, ensuring everyone shares the same understanding of the rules.

PMP Example Question

On an agile project, stakeholders are frequently confused by abstract requirements for pricing discounts. What technique should the team use to clarify expectations and derive acceptance tests?

  1. Specification By Example (SBE)
  2. Critical Path Method (CPM)
  3. Wideband Delphi
  4. Earned Value Management (EVM)

Correct Answer: A — Specification By Example (SBE)

Explanation: SBE uses concrete, real-world examples to define requirements and acceptance tests, reducing ambiguity and aligning stakeholders.

AI Systems with Claude, for Scrum Masters and Project Managers

Most AI pilots in project management do not fail on the model. They fail because somebody pointed the thing at a decision instead of at a task. This course is built around that distinction, and around the work that follows once you get it right.

Seven sections, taught against one running project from the first lecture to the last. You watch a system get built, then you build the same one against your own sprint. Nothing here is a demo that works only on the example.

You finish with five working systems and you keep them. The sprint report machine turns your board export and standup notes into the report you currently write by hand. The retro intelligence system tells you what the team keeps saying, not just what it said this time. The stakeholder comms engine drafts the update in the register the audience expects. The backlog health monitor flags the quiet decay nobody has time to check for. The risk and dependency tracker follows the chains that actually bite.

Seventy-six working files ship with it, across four sections, so every system is built against real sprint data rather than material invented for a slide. Four sprints of retrospectives, board exports, standup notes, backlog and risk data.

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