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Start-to-Start (SS)

A dependency where the successor activity cannot begin until the predecessor activity has begun.

Key Points

  • The successor may not start until the predecessor has at least started.
  • Once the predecessor starts, both activities can proceed in parallel.
  • You can add lead or lag to shift the successor's start relative to the predecessor's start.
  • Controls start times only; it does not determine when either activity finishes.

Example

In a software project, begin integration testing 2 days after development starts. This is an SS relationship with a 2-day lag.

PMP Example Question

Activity B can start only after Activity A has started, and both may run concurrently. What dependency is this?

  1. Finish-to-Start (FS)
  2. Start-to-Start (SS)
  3. Finish-to-Finish (FF)
  4. Start-to-Finish (SF)

Correct Answer: B — Start-to-start relationship (SS)

Explanation: SS ties the start of the successor to the start of the predecessor; the successor cannot begin until the predecessor has begun.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

Build an ICS/OT cybersecurity foundation that fits the real environment

Standard IT controls can disrupt the industrial systems they are meant to protect. Learn how to assess OT risk, design zones and conduits, apply IEC 62443 security levels, use MITRE ATT&CK for ICS, and establish passive asset visibility without risking production. Eight reconstructed incidents connect attacker techniques to the controls that failed, giving you the vocabulary and judgment to make credible security decisions from day one.

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