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Path Convergence

A situation where one scheduled activity relies on multiple predecessor activities before it can proceed.

Key Points

  • Represents multiple incoming dependencies to a single activity in a network diagram.
  • The successor cannot start (or finish) until all required predecessors meet their defined relationships.
  • Raises schedule risk because any predecessor delay can push the successor and critical path.
  • Manage by monitoring all feeder paths, validating logic (FS/SS with lags), and adding buffers where needed.

Example

User Acceptance Testing can start only after System Testing is complete, Data Migration is finished, and the Test Environment is signed off. These three predecessors converge into the UAT activity.

PMP Example Question

In a precedence diagram, Activity F can begin only after Activities B, C, and D are completed. What does this situation illustrate?

  1. Path divergence
  2. Path convergence
  3. Start-to-Start with lead
  4. Resource leveling

Correct Answer: B — Multiple predecessors feeding into one activity

Explanation: More than one predecessor leading into a single successor is path convergence; the other options describe different concepts.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

Build an ICS/OT cybersecurity foundation that fits the real environment

Standard IT controls can disrupt the industrial systems they are meant to protect. Learn how to assess OT risk, design zones and conduits, apply IEC 62443 security levels, use MITRE ATT&CK for ICS, and establish passive asset visibility without risking production. Eight reconstructed incidents connect attacker techniques to the controls that failed, giving you the vocabulary and judgment to make credible security decisions from day one.

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