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Earned Value (EV)

The budgeted value of the work actually completed to date, found by applying the authorized budget for that scope to the percent complete.

Key Points

  • EV represents how much value has been earned in budget terms for the work finished by the status date.
  • Basic formula: EV = Percent Complete × Budget for that scope (e.g., a work package budget or BAC for the whole project).
  • Used with AC (Actual Cost) and PV (Planned Value) to compute CV, SV, CPI, and SPI.
  • EV reflects progress against the baseline; it is not the money spent (AC) nor the amount planned by now (PV).

Example

A project has a BAC of USD 500,000. By the status date, the team has completed 40% of the total scope. EV = 0.40 × 500,000 = USD 200,000. If AC = USD 230,000 and PV = USD 250,000, then CV = EV − AC = −USD 30,000 (over budget) and SV = EV − PV = −USD 50,000 (behind schedule).

PMP Example Question

A work package has an authorized budget of USD 80,000 and is 35% complete at the status date. What is the Earned Value (EV)?

  1. USD 28,000
  2. USD 35,000
  3. USD 80,000
  4. USD 45,000

Correct Answer: A — EV is USD 28,000

Explanation: EV = Percent Complete × Budget = 0.35 × 80,000 = 28,000.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

Build the Sprint Reporting System, Not Another Prompt

AI Systems with Claude is our own course for Scrum Masters and Agile Project Managers, taught against one running project across seven sections. You build five working systems and keep them: the sprint report machine, the retro intelligence system, the stakeholder comms engine, the backlog health monitor, and the risk and dependency tracker. Direct from HK School of Management, not on Udemy.

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