Design of Experiments (DOE)

A statistical method used to determine which factors meaningfully influence project results and to quantify their effects.

Key Points

  • Plans structured tests that vary inputs to observe their impact on outputs.
  • Assesses both main effects and interactions among multiple factors.
  • Finds optimal settings with fewer trials than changing one variable at a time.
  • Supports data-driven decisions for quality, schedule, and cost outcomes.

Example

A software project manager runs a 2x2x2 DOE across three sprints to test build frequency (daily vs. twice daily), automated test coverage (70% vs. 90%), and code review policy (optional vs. mandatory). Analysis shows a strong interaction between test coverage and review policy, so the team adopts 90% coverage with mandatory reviews to reduce escaped defects.

PMP Example Question

Which technique should a project manager use to test several variables at once and understand both their individual and interaction effects on cycle time?

  1. Design of Experiments (DOE)
  2. Monte Carlo simulation
  3. Pareto analysis
  4. Control chart

Correct Answer: A - Design of Experiments (DOE)

Explanation: DOE systematically varies multiple factors to measure their main and interaction effects on an outcome, which is not the purpose of the other options.

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