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Data

Raw facts or measurements captured as separate items that have not yet been organized, structured, or analyzed; essentially basic observations.

Key Points

  • Represents raw observations or measurements before any processing or interpretation.
  • Becomes information only after it is organized, aggregated, or analyzed.
  • Can be quantitative or qualitative and is typically stored at a granular level.
  • Collected from sources such as logs, surveys, sensors, tests, or inspections.

Example

During quality control on a construction project, the team records hourly concrete temperature readings and timestamps. Until those readings are averaged or trended, they are data.

PMP Example Question

While performing inspections, a project team records defect counts for each work shift. What are these shift-by-shift counts best classified as?

  1. Data
  2. Information
  3. Knowledge
  4. Work performance reports

Correct Answer: A — Data

Explanation: The shift-by-shift counts are raw, unprocessed measurements. They become information only after they are organized or analyzed (for example, summarized or trended).

Advanced Project Management — Measuring Project Performance

Move beyond guesswork and status reporting. This course helps you measure real progress, spot problems early, and make confident decisions using proven project performance techniques. If you manage complex projects and want clearer visibility and control, this course is built for you.

This is not abstract theory. You’ll work step by step through Earned Value Management (EVM), learning how cost, schedule, and scope come together to show true performance. You’ll build a solid foundation in EVM concepts, understand why formulas work, and learn how performance data actually supports leadership decisions.

You’ll master Work Breakdown Structures (WBS), control accounts, and budget baselines, then apply core EVM metrics like EAC, TCPI, and variance analysis. Through a detailed real-world example, you’ll forecast outcomes, analyze trends, and understand contingencies and management reserves with confidence.

Learn how experienced project managers monitor performance, communicate results clearly, and take corrective action before projects slip. With practical exercises and hands-on analysis, you’ll be ready to apply EVM immediately. Enroll now and start managing performance with clarity and control.



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