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Utility Function

A utility function is a model that expresses a business stakeholder's attitude toward risk by mapping possible outcomes to perceived value, indicating how much risk they are willing to accept.

Key Points

  • Captures a business stakeholder's risk preference (risk-averse, risk-neutral, or risk-seeking).
  • Maps monetary or benefit outcomes to perceived value so choices under uncertainty can be compared.
  • Supports decision-making and risk response planning that align with stakeholder tolerance.
  • Curve shape signals attitude: concave = risk-averse, linear = risk-neutral, convex = risk-seeking.

Example

A project team must choose between two solutions. Option 1 has higher average benefit but large variability; Option 2 has moderate benefit with low variability. The sponsor is risk-averse. Using a concave utility function, the team finds Option 2 delivers higher perceived value for the sponsor's preferences and selects it, even though its expected monetary value is slightly lower.

PMP Example Question

Which statement best describes a utility function in project risk management?

  1. A model that quantifies a business stakeholder's risk attitude by converting outcomes into perceived value.
  2. A statistical technique used only to compute expected monetary value.
  3. A method to break down scope into manageable work packages.
  4. A risk register field that records probability and impact scores.

Correct Answer: A — A model that expresses risk attitude through perceived value

Explanation: A utility function represents how a business stakeholder values outcomes under uncertainty, reflecting their willingness to accept risk; it is not limited to EMV, scope decomposition, or simple register fields.

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