Kanban Board

A visual management board that exposes workflow, highlights bottlenecks, and shows how much work is in progress so teams can improve flow.

Key Points

  • Columns represent workflow stages; cards represent individual work items.
  • Work-in-progress (WIP) limits prevent overload and reduce multitasking.
  • Queues, blockers, and bottlenecks become visible to drive continuous improvement.
  • Enables pull-based flow and supports tracking metrics like cycle time and throughput.

Example

A software team uses a Kanban board with columns: Backlog, Ready, In Progress (WIP 3), Code Review (WIP 2), and Done. When work piles up in Code Review, the team temporarily reassigns a developer to reviews, clearing the bottleneck and improving flow.

PMP Example Question

Which tool should a project manager use to visualize the workflow, reveal bottlenecks, and manage work-in-progress limits on an ongoing delivery team?

  1. Kanban board
  2. Gantt chart
  3. Burn-up chart
  4. Responsibility assignment matrix

Correct Answer: A — Visual workflow board (Kanban board)

Explanation: A Kanban board is designed to make work and constraints visible, enabling flow optimization through WIP limits and continuous improvement.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

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