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Precedence Relationship

An ordering link between two activities in the precedence diagramming method that shows how one activity depends on another.

Key Points

  • Represents how activities are connected in PDM using FS, SS, FF, or SF links.
  • Controls the sequence of work and may include leads or lags.
  • Displayed as connectors between activity nodes in a schedule network diagram.
  • Choosing the wrong relationship can distort timelines and create infeasible schedules.

Example

In a software project, "Complete design" must finish before "Start development" can begin (Finish-to-Start with zero lag). "Begin system testing" may start two days after "Start integration" (Start-to-Start with a 2-day lag). These links are precedence relationships in the PDM network.

PMP Example Question

In a schedule network built with PDM, the team links "Pour concrete" so it cannot start until "Place rebar" is complete. What is this link called?

  1. Precedence relationship
  2. Resource leveling
  3. Milestone list
  4. Rolling wave planning

Correct Answer: A — Precedence relationship

Explanation: The link defines the dependency and order between two activities in the precedence diagramming method.

ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Security Built for Industrial Systems

Industrial control systems cannot be secured like ordinary IT. A forced reboot, aggressive scan, or incompatible patch can interrupt production and create real safety consequences. Effective OT security begins with understanding the systems, constraints, and risks unique to industrial environments.

This course gives IT professionals, engineers, operators, and security practitioners a practical foundation in ICS threats, zone and conduit design, risk assessment, passive asset visibility, and vendor evaluation. You will learn how IEC 62443, NIST CSF, and MITRE ATT&CK for ICS apply where availability and safety come first.

Eight reconstructed incidents—including Stuxnet, Triton, Ukraine 2015, Colonial Pipeline, and PIPEDREAM—show how attackers move through OT environments, what they target, and which defenses could have changed the outcome.

Watch the course preview, then build the vocabulary, frameworks, and judgment needed to take credible first steps in ICS/OT cybersecurity.

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ICS/OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals course preview

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